raccoon report Essays -- essays research papers

Raccoon ReportGENERAL OVERVIEWRaccoons (Procyon lotor) belong to the Procyonidae (those who came to begin with the dogs family). This highly intelligent mammal has a rounded head with a short nose, small ears, and a sturdy body with minimum-duration, thick, grayish brown fur. Raccoons argon easily identified by a distinctive pattern of alternating black and yellowish white rings around a large bushy tail. They be also identified by a unique narrow black face mask with two white patches above the eyes. The average length is 2 to 3 feet long (including the tail) and 12 inches high, weigh 8 to 22 pounds (heaviest in autumn), and live for 10 to 13 years. Females produce one litter per year, number from one to six kilts and averaging four to five.SPECIAL FEATURES AND ADAPTATIONSRaccoons have had a long time to adjust and adapt to different surroundings. Raccoons have keen senses of smell and hearing. (Blashfield, 2004) They are strong and agile, hence good tree and fence climbers. Ea ch foot has five long and slender digits, which operate with remarkable dexterity. This was an adaptation developed for reinforcement in dense forests and heavy tree populated areas. In the wild, they use their front feet for finding food in water, opening shellfish, and conveying food to the mouth. In urban areas the raccoon has learned to dig through human garbage as a significant food source. In adapting to human habitat, they often devote this dexterity to opening garba...

Essay --

The question I chose to focus on is question seven, How Should Families be Involved in Assessment (Nation Association for the facts of life of Young Children NAEYC, 2003, p. 13). It is important to understand how to incorporate the families of the baby birdren being assessed into the legal opinion process. Whether the appraisal is merely routine, or is being done out of concern for the electric s prevailrs development, it is my belief that the mentions should be involved. Rous et al. (2007) affirms this belief by defining assessment as a shared experience between families and professionals in which information and ideas are transfer to benefit a kids growth and development. Involving the families in the assessment process requires three basic steps.The first step in involving the family of a child being assessed is to notify the family before assessment begins. When a parent (or parents) enrolls their child in a childcare program, they are entrusting the caretakers with the t ask of knowing what is best for their child. Discovering that whitethorn require assessment. NAEYC and the National Association of Early Childhood specialist in State Departments of Education NAECS/SDE (2003) note that to assess a young childs strengths, progress, and needs, use of assessment methods shouldbe comprehensive of families. Essentially, in order to properly assess a child, the families fellowship and input is required (NAEYC & NAECS/SDE, 2003).Once the family has been notified, the second step should take place. The family should be made informed that their involvement in the assessment process is important for their childs overall development (Rous et al., 2007). Rous et al. (2007) notes that the role of family as the childs first and approximately significant teac... ...ssed, which is step one. Step two is revealed when the parents and the teacher have a conference to discuss what steps can be taken to improve Tylers progress. Lastly, step three occurs when the t eacher gathers evidence to show the parents their childs marked improvement in skills he once struggled in.Involving the parents in their childs assessment is incredibly important. As a teacher, it shows concern for the childs overall wellbeing and concern for the parents involvement in their childs development. bit it is important to involve the parents, it is much more important in how a teacher or caregiver does this. With the three steps of informing the parents of assessment, encouraging the parents to participate, and display the parents the final outcome of the assessment, a teacher or caregiver is able to involve the parents in a meaningful and helpful way. Essay -- The question I chose to focus on is question seven, How Should Families be Involved in Assessment (Nation Association for the Education of Young Children NAEYC, 2003, p. 13). It is important to understand how to incorporate the families of the children being assessed into the assessment process. Whether the assessment is merely routine, or is being done out of concern for the childs development, it is my belief that the parents should be involved. Rous et al. (2007) affirms this belief by defining assessment as a shared experience between families and professionals in which information and ideas are exchanged to benefit a childs growth and development. Involving the families in the assessment process requires three basic steps.The first step in involving the family of a child being assessed is to notify the family before assessment begins. When a parent (or parents) enrolls their child in a childcare program, they are entrusting the caretakers with the task of knowing what is best for their child. Discovering that may require assessment. NAEYC and the National Association of Early Childhood Specialist in State Departments of Education NAECS/SDE (2003) note that to assess a young childs strengths, progress, and needs, use of assessment methods shouldbe inclusive of families . Essentially, in order to properly assess a child, the families knowledge and input is required (NAEYC & NAECS/SDE, 2003).Once the family has been notified, the second step should take place. The family should be made aware that their involvement in the assessment process is important for their childs overall development (Rous et al., 2007). Rous et al. (2007) notes that the role of family as the childs first and most significant teac... ...ssed, which is step one. Step two is revealed when the parents and the teacher have a conference to discuss what steps can be taken to improve Tylers progress. Lastly, step three occurs when the teacher gathers evidence to show the parents their childs marked improvement in skills he once struggled in.Involving the parents in their childs assessment is incredibly important. As a teacher, it shows concern for the childs overall wellbeing and concern for the parents involvement in their childs development. While it is important to involve the par ents, it is much more important in how a teacher or caregiver does this. With the three steps of informing the parents of assessment, encouraging the parents to participate, and showing the parents the final outcome of the assessment, a teacher or caregiver is able to involve the parents in a meaningful and helpful way.

War on Terror Essay -- American History, Patriot Act

On september 11, 2001 there was an attack on America. Four airplanes were hijacked, two were crashed into the World Trade Center in New York City, the third crashed into the Pentagon in D.C. and the fourth got stopped by a passenger. It was the first terrorist attack on the U.S. soil. Thousands of lives were lost that day. This attach was the most devastating act of belligerence on U.S land since the Civil contend (Terrorism, 2011). This even had an enormous influence on America and its history. It led to numerous short and long term effects. On September 20, 2001, motive president George W. Bush announced publicly that he declargons War on Terror. After this announcement, our country has altered. To determine if an effect was arrogant or negative, determines on the view point of the person. Some of those effects include USA Patriot Act, creation of TSA, the War, and issues soldiers have after(prenominal) combat and health problems of Ground Zero. However, if the effect s were positive or negative, it still made a massive mark in our country.One major organization that was created from the attacks on September eleventh that lead to the declaring War on Terror was the creation of TSA, Transportation guarantor Administration. TSA was created to develop policies to protect airport transportation and prevent aircraft hijacking. It oversees aegis for highways, railroads, buses, mass transit systems, pipelines and ports. Though they are mostly responsible for screening passengers and checked and carry-on luggage at about 450 airports. Different types of TSA employees are Transportation Security Officer, Federal Air Marshal, Transportation Security Inspector and National Explosives Detection Canine Team Program. (Security, 2010) T... ...a federal office of homeland security to prevent the nation of future terrorist attacks (September 11, 2006). After September 11th and the declare War on Terror every person of power tried doing whatever they cou ld to help protect our nation. There is no doubt that after this powerful event, important things started to dwindle (September 11, 2006). Some major issues were our economy weakened, unemployment increased, and our recession worsened (September 11, 2006). Airports had it the worse, they had to face bankruptcy, there insurance increased and they had to undertake costly overhauls of their security systems September 11, 2006). War on Terror affected our nation greatly, in different way someone was hurt by it. People tried habitue it and picking up the pieces, but some things just cant be fixed. Time is the only way our nation will recover.

Environmentally Friendly Cars Essay -- automotive industry, global war

When I was younger, I remember begging my mom at every toy aisle in the department store to buy at least one hot wheel car that I picked out. I had a problem I had an undying thirst for these tiny cars in those recycl competent blue cardboard and plastic packages. I used to pretend that I was a small person, small enough to fit in the cool cars I bought with just a glimmer of hope that maybe I would be able-bodied to fit inside and drive away. That never did happen though, but I had an indomitable dream. I had the patience that maybe one day, I would be able to drive my own actual car. I am nineteen now, and my fascination for cars has not changed one bit. I am finally old enough to drive, but it still feels like I am still my younger self stuck at the store in a hot wheels aisle trying to answer what car I should get. I look at the cars today to notice that even though the essentials of a car never changes, essentially four wheels and somewhat sort of motor to move, something is different about cars that are in the present compared to what they were when I was a kid. Today, the growing concern of Global Warming is taking bushel into peoples mindset. Automobiles emit more than 333 million tons of carbon dioxide per year. (Ginovieto) In United States, and other countries like Europe there is a fogey fuel shortage that threaten the futures of the automotive industry. Gas prices have been fluctuating an all time high. The consumer market for cars continually grows. Many countries are industrializing at a rapid pace, such as China, and demand for cars and transportation have also increased. These problems all affect one another to add and combine to bigger problems. Pollution, overcrowding on the roads, and rising gas prices, all are prevalent in ... ... industry can focus on environmentally friendly but unreasonably stiff super-cars like the hot wheels I always dreamed to be in. Works CitedAdvantages of Turbochargers. Turbo Servis -. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec . 2014.Williams, Stephan. Toyota Engineers Flowers to Offset Production Pollution. Wheels Toyota Engineers Flowers to Offset Production Pollution Comments. New York Times, 3 Nov. 2009. Web. 08 Dec. 2014.Sutcliffe, Steve. Has Audi foul up Le Mans? Autocar. Autocar, 21 June 2013. Web. 08 Dec. 2014.Roos, Dave. Does Hybrid motorcar Production Waste Offset Hybrid Benefits?HowStuffWorks. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2014.Ginovieto. Global Warming Causes. Cars and Global Warming. Global Warming Blogspot, 06 Mar. 2009. Web. 08 Dec. 2014.Zoellter, Juergen. 2014 Volkswagen XL1. Car and Driver. Car and Driver, June 2013. Web. 08 Dec. 2014.

A Rock n Roll Ulysses :: Free Essays Online

A Rock n Roll Ulysses In a letter to Carlo Linati, James Joyce wrote, Each adventure in Ulysses. . . should not only condition but nevertheless create its own technique (Dettmar, from Joyce, 143). Written nearly three decades before long players (phonograph record albums) were to invade the marketplace, Ulysses stylistically resembles a pop album (or the new(prenominal) way around). Ulysses was composed of eighteen adventures that created their own technique. The same principle applies to pop albums, which contain separate and distinct tracks that musically reflect the lyrical content (or joke that content). One album that is as stylistically challenging to the conventions of pop music as Ulysses was to the novel is The Beatles eponymous 1968 album (commonly referred to as The White Album). Albums are principally composed of a group of songs from one recorded group of sessions (anywhere from one day to years) that carry separate narratives within each. Acro ss an entire album, the songs can convert singers, styles, points of view (first, second and third person voices), and even include songs written by other songwriters. The first album to sell a million copies was loony toons Presleys self-titled debut album in 1956, over a decade after the end of World War II. In both date and concept, the album is a postmodern invention and artifact. Many theorists assume postmodernism was initiated at the conclusion of World War II, after the introduction of the atomic bomb by the United States to the rilievo of world. Just as the bomb erased one hundred thousand living narratives with one plausibly fictive hot flash of light that was indeed real, postmodernism claims that history and reality are no longer possible, since both have been textualised (Selden and Widdowson, 174). Some of the stylistics of postmodernism include hybridity, non-linearity, the questioning of identity, self-reflexivity, excess, and the telling of the unsp eakable. These stylistic modes, however, are not exclusive to postmodernism, and combinations of some of these styles exist in numerous books written prior the end of the second World War. Notable texts before this period using postmodern techniques include Sternes Tristram Shandy (1767), Carrolls Alices Adventures in Wonderland (1865), Joyces Ulysses (1922), and Woolfs The Waves (1934).

Incarcerated Parents and Their Children Essay -- Children of Incarcerat

The challenges of children who grow up with parents whom were incarcerated at some point in their childhood drive out have a major effect on their life. The incarceration of parents can at times begin to affect the child even at birth. Now with prison nurseries the impregnated niggle can keep her baby during her time in jail. With the expiry of their parent the child can begin to develop behavioral problems with being obedient, temper tantrums, and the loss of simple social skills. Never learning to live in a society they are deprived of a normal social life. The enormous addition incarceration led to a parallel, but far less documented, increase in the proportion of children who grew up with a parent incarcerated during their childhood (Johnson 2007). This means the consequences of the children of the incarcerated parents assimilate no attention from the media, or academic research. The academic research done in this paper is to strengthen the research already w orked by many new(prenominal) people. The impact of the parents incarceration on these children can at times be both positive and negative. The incarceration of a parent can be the upshot to the change of childs everyday life, behavioral problems, and depriving them a normal social life.There have been many questions raised if the nurseries programs were unclouded but the number of women incarcerated in state prisons in the United States (US) has dramatically increased in the past 20 years, and 70% of these women are the mothers of minor children, as of the last Bureau of Justice estimates (Mumola, 2000). Allowing women to parent their children within correctional facilities in the US may be one of the most controversial debates surrounding the incarceration of women (Bel... ...e, May 2009. Web. .Mumola, Christopher J. 2000. Incarcerated Parents and Their Children. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report, NCJ 182335. Washington, DC Bureau of Justice StatisticsPhillips, Susan D., Alaattin Erkanli, Gordon P. Keeler, E. Jane Costello, and Adrian Angold. 2006. Disentangling the Risks Parent Criminal Justice Involvement and Childrens Exposure to Family Risks. Criminology and Public form _or_ system of government 5(4).Sroufe LA, Egeland B, Carlson EA, Collins WA. The development of the person The Minnesota study of risk and adaptation from birth to adulthood. New York The Guilford Press 2005.Tolan, Patrick H., Deborah Gorman-Smith, and Rolf Leober. Developmental Timing of Onsets of Disruptive. Journal of Child and Family Studies 9.2 (2000) 203-20. Print.

Policy Tools

Command and take in jurisprudence as defined by Michael Raegan(1987) is a process or activity in which governing body requires or prescribes certain activities or behavior on the part of individuals or institutions, mostly private but sometimes public, and does so through a continuing administrative process, generally through specially designated regulatory agencies.There is a history of overtop and control command as a policy musical instrument of the government in Trinidad and Tobago as evidenced by its placement in 2013 and 2014 budget in relation to the gaming ndustry. The gaming industry in Trinidad and Tobago is an misbranded one, which operates without government regulation. As enjoind in the 2013 budget Minister Howai Mr. Speaker we intend to bring the gaming industry under more effective control and capture more fully the revenue that can accrue to the Treasury. The Gaming Industry offers a legitimate form of entertainment if it is properly correct. It was proposed that effective may 2013 a series of regulations would be put into place to manage the industry until the comprehensive framework and control body was gained. In the 2014 budget Minister Howai admit that previous stated policy had non been fully implemented but that vital steps were underway, which included extensive consultations with various stakeholder bodies. According to Finance Minister, the safe Larry Howai, a comprehensive governance structure for the industry was developed over the last year.It will entail the establishment of a Regulatory Commission with the role to license premises, operators, suppliers and key employees. The new legislation will control the operations of what will be referred to as registered casinos. The primary advantage of command and control regulation towards the gaming industry in Trinidad and Tobago is that being an illegal practice (aside from pool betting halls), government has the legislative upper hand to determine what is to be regulated and how.Mitnick (1980) explains that a government need not know in advance its subjects preferences as in the case of voluntary instruments and little information is needed to establish the regulation as a result. Government can simply establish a standard and expect compliance (Howlett and Ramesh 2009) making it a highly exist and time efficient tool. Secondly regulation in itself allows for better co-ordination of government efforts and planning because of the predictability it entails (Howlett and Ramesh 2009).This is tied to the directness and specificity of the nature of command and control regulation. This predictability and directness of the regulation makes it easier and more suitable of an instrument in times of crisis or when an immediate response is needed, as noted by the Minister that the gaming industry is demonstrable and growing industry with the high prevalence to criminal activity and social ills thus immediate action needs to be aken to arrest the issue forward it spirals, while reaping the benefits of increasing revenue at the same time.Command and control regulation is also more bell efficient than other instruments as well as publicly and politically appealing governments part (Howlett and Ramesh 2009) Although command and control regulation is cost effective especially when comp atomic number 18d to other instruments it is still quite costly, as the cost of enforcement by regulatory bodies may be high due to further costs of information, investigation and prosecution which make the policy legalistic and adversarial(Hahn and Hind 1991).Another issue with command and control in the context of the gaming industry in Trinidad and Tobago is that the very nature of the industry is problematic. Private members clubs, slot machines etcetera which constitute the industry ar all illegal activities that have been allowed to flourish without regulation, thus the administration of the regulatory framework is problematic as it needs to gain legit imacy and acceptance by an illegitimate structure.There has to be total co-operation on the part of all members of the gaming industry in order for regulation to be effective and adhered to. Dyerson and Mueller (1993) also state that regulation is often inflexible and does not offer consideration for individual circumstances, thus a one size fits all regulation of casinos, private members clubs etc does not take into account the size and profitability or extent of gambling taking place.This may lead to incompliance with the regulatory structure and undermining of the very framework government is trying to cement. A mixed approach to regulation could be used, a good example of which is self regulation, which would be more cost effective as government would not ave to foot the cost of creation, administration and renewal of standards (Howlett and Ramesh).However there is a tossup as to how effective and favorable alternative methods really are when one considers the social costs of in effective or inefficient administration of voluntary standards, especially those related to non-compliance (Gibson 1994 and Karamanos 2001) The overall usefulness of this policy tool cannot be fully assessed as it has not been fully implemented and remains largely at the drawing board. This perhaps is a sign of its ineffectiveness and inability to equip the goals of the government.

Mary Oliver’s poem “Singapore” Essay

While analyzing Mary O put outrs poem Singapore I established her assembling a relationship surrounded by nature and a life- learned lesson. The poem is about a cleaning woman doing menial, general occupations as a cleaning lady at the Singapore airport, but Oliver chooses to idealize her toils and make them seem more beautiful than in, Oliver uses imagery to compare the way she perceives the woman in the beginning her versus the real world. The author was disgusted with what she saw, so she brings in visions from nature to ease the discomfort. The configuration of this poem is structured to differentiate from the reality and the fantasy of everyday life. In Olivers poem Singapore she speaks of how the woman cleaning the ashtrays in the airport and the toilets can be blissful and nurturing. For example, Oliver writes a poem should always have birds in it (8).Oliver uses her writing to convey the way she hopes life would be she wishes it was beautiful and as blissful as birds are. Then she states other aspects of nature as a skeleton of peacefulness and happiness. For instance, Oliver states rivers are pleasant (10). Oliver uses the river as a form of serenity because of the flow of the water and the sound of water that soothes us. Furthermore, Oliver demonstrates that poems should always be a gateway to happiness by stating, A person wants to stand in a happy place (13). Oliver wants to be in a happy place kinda of seeing this woman in front of her in this humiliating situation. In Olivers idealistic reality, life is pleasing and should not deal with the ugly, mundane situations in life. Although the woman is seen as a simple worker in reality, Oliver embellishes the happenings with things of beauty from nature interchangeable fountains, waterfalls, birds and trees.Then in Olivers poem, she goes back and forth between realities through her thoughts, where she is pursuing to envision contentment. For example, Oliver states, first we must watch her as she stares atomic reactor at her labor (20). She then compares it to nature, She does not work slowly, nor quickly, but like a river (25). Oliver is trying to envision her experience as positive and self-soothing. She is imagining the woman as if she were out in the wild watching an animal trying to live just as the woman is trying to earn a living by working. At the end of the poem, Oliver says the light that can shine out of a life (39) meaning that she sees this lady as if she were a beacon of light in a dismal existence. Although Oliver was at first disgusted with the sight of the woman in her working environment, she portrays it as much a part of life as the trees and the birds.In Mary Olivers poem, Singapore, the poet uses images of nature to make the tasks of everyday life seem more pleasing to the eye and to the reader. She conjures up images of nature to relieve the stress and burdens of daily life. She makes the most meaningless or redundant task seem elegant by comparing it to the birds, the trees, and the rivers. If to choose between reality and unreality, would anyone not choose to rise up from the crust and the slop and fly down to the river? (32-33).Work CitedOliver, Mary. Singapore. Making Literature Matter An anthology for readers and Writers. Ed. John Schilb and John Clifford. 5th ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2012, 146-147. Print.

Change the Culture of an Organisation Essay

The culture of an organization can be defined by the carriage they do things, this means the way they drop decisions, operate and how they choose and achieve their objectives. As culture is a set of values and practices, changing it whitethorn be difficult and a long process, especially if the castrate is organized by a refreshed chief executive.Changing the culture of an organization may not be easy especially if the unfermented chief executive does not richly understand the previous culture and therefore does not embrace it in the switch. This lack of knowledge may result in an inappropriate culture being chosen that could limit the come withs performance as productiveness reduces. An example of a badly imposed culture can been seen with the Chrysler and Damier-Benz merge in 1998. Damier-Benz imposed their traditional and structured German culture on the free-spirited American car company Chrysler. The extremely different cultures created tension that later affected their efficiency as decision-making took longer and the workforce were not happy.The inappropriate culture resulted in a loss of $1.5 billon by 2006. In 2011, the new chief executive of Tesco, Phillip Clarke, as well made a cultural change which proved unsuccessful. He proposed a strategy to change Tescos brand image to be known for highly valued brands as opposed to their cheaper Value products. The decrease in habitual promotion deals such(prenominal) as vouchers and meal deals reduced their sales revenue and share value which fell by 15% by the end of 2011. This suggests that Clarke failed to come out Tescos main source of competitively. Therefore, both examples show that cultural changes may be difficult as the new chief executives lack knowledge and nonplus in the company.Culture change also takes a long time, especially as traditions and values are set. A prime example of this is with Sony. Sony is a Japan-based company who prides themselves in adopting a traditional Japanese bu siness culture. Examples of their culture can be seen with their clear line of authority and their strong belief in respect. However, Sonys reducing performance and the fast changing world alarmed the new chief executive, Howard Stringer, to change the culture to one that embraces change.Although proposals to change the culture were made in 2007, Sonys culture has still not fully transformed which is reflected in their still low competitively. Therefore, it may still take some time for Sony to fully embrace an innovative culture as their Japanese culture has bounteously influenced the organization. It also took a long time for Marks & Spencer to introduce higher levels of technology, such as a stock control system, as they are said to have a backward culture. This is because they dont embrace change and are led by system and procedures. These examples provide evidence that change in a businesss culture may not be done diligently as the organization is ac wonted to the previous cul ture.However, changing a companys culture can be easy if the new chief executive conducts the change in an appropriate manner. As culture change will have a direct impact on stakeholders, it is in-chief(postnominal) for the new chief executive to inform all stakeholders of the changes and to also encourage feedback. The loss of the innovative leader of Apple, Steve Jobbs created much anxiety about the new chief operating officer Tim Cook. Stakeholders feared Cook would change the company and reject all Jobbs practices especially as the two leaders have different personalities. The media worse the situation with continuous ostracise press coverage which resulted in a decrease in consumer confidence as well as Apples share price. Although Jobbs had planned to make some strategic changes to the companys practices, he reassured stakeholders by stating that Apple will not change. He also identified these new strategies and their benefits in a press release which justified his decision s and satisfied stakeholders. The newfound trust of stakeholders will enable Apples cultural change to be easier and happen more quickly.In view of the above, I believe that it is not easy to change the culture of a business, as the current practices are custom to the organization this also suggests that the change will be quite a process and therefore wont be done quickly. This situation is worsened as the chief executive is new and wont have the necessary knowledge and understanding of the business to enable a smooth and quick transition.However, the ability for the new chief executive to change the businesss culture quickly and easily is highly dependant upon the reaction of the stakeholders. For example, BPs customers may react positively as the new culture will increase the companys responsiveness to customers. Shareholders may also react positively as the increase of innovation should increase BPs competitive advantage which could increase the companys value and share price. H owever, the increase in innovation may pose a threat the employees as management will expect higher quality and the need for more qualified personnel may be necessary.Therefore, support from stakeholders will encourage an easier and quickly transformation whereas negativity will not. The skills of the workforce is also important as if they are innovative the cultural change will happen faster. However, Sony is in a creative industry and their strategy to increase innovation still took a long time. This suggests that attitudes and beliefs of the workforce are also important. An easy change is also depend upon the new executives approach, is it forceful or flexible? Damier-Benzs forceful approach result in a large amount of tension that slowed the change and resulted in a financial loss.

Hate Crimes and the Homosexual Community Essay

Abstr subprogramIn this paper I am talking almost shun abhorrences against the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community. I show that though scorn crimes be classified as crimes that are evoked by sexual orientation course, race, identity, gender, or religion. nauseate crimes are more commonplace amongst the gay and transgender custody. I show states with highest conviction rate in 2012. I besides show the upward incline in numbers since 2005 until now. I offer explanations as to who commits these crimes and why. Lastly I show the progression of time and how prejudice and scorn crimes although upward in numbers are really being accepted in our communities.Hate crimes and the Homosexual communityAfter the Civil war the Govern manpowert passed the first gear Hate crime integrity in America. Recently, in 2009 sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, and disability were added to the categories covered by the law. According to ( Stotzer,2012) these crimes ar e more common among lesbian men and the transgendered community, because most hatred crimes are committed by heterosexual men. Even though lesbian women are victims of hate crimes, statistics show that hate crimes are more common among homosexual men and the transgendered community, because heterosexual men commit most hate crimes (Stotzer, 2012). Studies also find that twenty in 200,000 lesbians, gay men and bisexuals inform being victims of hate crimes. 52 in 200,000 gay men reported being victims of hate crimes. Yet only twenty in 200,000 reported being victims of hate crimes.Hate law-breakings against Homosexual and TransgenderedThere were 15,351 anti-homosexual hate crime offenses during 2002-2011. (Potok, 2012, para. ). According to the (Intelligence Report, winter 2010, Issue Number 140. The numbers show that gay men are two measure more likelyto suffer a violent hate crime attack than Jews. Gays are 3 times more likely to be attacked than blacks, and basketball team ti mes more likely than Muslims. FBI reports say that hate crimes against gay men have been on the rise since 2005. Violent hate crimes against LGBT people grew by 48 percent from 2005 until 2011. In 2010 Census.gov shows that half of all hate crimes were based on sexual orientation bias (Census.Gov, 2010). In 2011 reports show that there were 26 transgendered murders reported in the USA alone. In 2010 the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey in USA found that approximately 75% of sexual-orientation related hate crimes were of a violent nature.(Stozer, 2010)Physiological Research on Straight Men Who Kill or Physically Harm HomosexualsMison (year) states that a murderous personal reaction toward gay men should be considered an irrational and idiosyncratic characteristic of the defendant and should not be allowed to bolster the alleged honestness of the defendants act(Dressler, 1995, p.4). Helena L. Alden and Karen F. Parker also state that homophobia and gender stratification directly influe nces the incidents of hate crime victimization (Alden, Parker, 2004). People who commit hate crimes are not limited to but by and large are Caucasian lower-class men who commit the crimes for fun or simply in resentment toward a certain group (Comstock 1991 60-62 McDevitt and Levin 1993). Studies say that most men who commit these crimes have no physiological defects or problems. This means that these men are committing these hate crimes knowing exactly what they are doing. These studies ultimately shew that the victim is not at fault for the attack. These crimes are being committed out of sheer hate, hence the name Hate crimes.Examples of Hate Crimes against HomosexualsMatthew ShepardIn 1998 the doleful and horrifying murder of Matthew Shepard woke people up to just how serious hate crimes are getting. Matthew Shepard was only 21 long time old. He was first robbed, then defeat within inches of his life and left for dead by two men. The two men told shepherd they were Homosexual and wanted to hang out with him. Matthew went with them and was led to a desert where he was beat to death. They did not charge the men with a hate crimetherefore it kept them from receiving the maximum punishment.Following the attention and sense evoked by Matthew Shepards death Peoples eyes begin to open, both in the public and in the political office. 11 years after Matthews murder Obama passed an act to include sexual orientation, identity and gender. In honor of Mathew this act was named after him and James Byrd Jr. The Act is the first federal law to extend legal protections to transgender persons (James, 1998).Gwen AraujoGwen Araujo born Edward Eddie Araujo was a pre-operative transgender teen. Eddie was born as a boy and began living life as a female child at the age of 14. Her name was legally changed to Gwen Amber Rose Araujo two years after her death. In the early hours of Oct. 4, 2002, Gwen was killed by a group of men in her hometown of Newark, California then buried in a homemade grave after they found out she was born male. The men were convicted of second-degree murder in connection to the killing of Gwen Araujo who was beaten, tied up and strangled, according to previous media reports. (Heinrich, 2006) States That Have Highest Rate of Hate Crimes against Homosexuals New York and California are the two states with the highest anti-gay hate crime rates.in 2011 in California a three fourths of hate crimes were motivated by the sexual orientation of the victims.The majority of hate crime reported in that mob targeted gay men. These crimes continue to disproportionately affect LGBT people of color, (Marroquin, 2012, p. ). The second highest state is New York with a percentage of 19.6 in 2010 and 39.4 in 2011. (Lovett, 2011). In 2011, the most common reported types of bias motivation in hate crime incidents involved race/ ethnicity religion, and sexual orientation leading at 40.6 percent.(Lovett,2011). Incidents with a sexual orientation bias in creased 15 percent, from 119 in 2010 to 167 in 2011 (Lovett,2012). Consequences of hate crimes and conviction ratesHaider (2001) states that Hate crime policy implementation is shaped by the nutrition and efforts of officers, the tractability of the problem, the support of police leaders, and the presence of state hate crime policies, police resources, and public opinion.(p.1). The Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990 required the U.S. Department of rightness to collect data on incidenceof hate crimes. This Act was passed by Bush in 1990. As a response to the murders of Matthew Shepard president Obama passed the most new-fangled act in 2009. This Bill helps protect the LGBT community against hate crimes. Hate crime laws seems to be good but due to lack of enforcement a hole has still at peace(p) undone. There are still many hate crimes unsolved as well as unreported. Numbers have not gone down but, they have gone up. (Parfaite-Claude, 2012). Conviction Rates are shockingly low. Ac cording the Attorney Generals Report, only 51% of cases filed as Hate Crimes result in Convictions.ConclusionIn conclusion, No matter what state you are in the statistics say that anti-gay hate crimes are leading in numbers. Sadly, Crime against persons is number one. Second is crime against Property. What must be taken into consideration is that more than half of anti- gay hate crimes are not reported, Due to fear, pride, or embarrassment. Although America has come a Long way with its hate crime laws and convictions, something more must be done. The enforcers of the law must do their jobs and remain doglike to their promises to their communities. In effect the people will feel more protected, which will in turn help them to feel more comfortable in inform crimes. The key to overcoming hate crimes is to overcome hate.ReferencesGay men more likely victims of hate crimes. (2012, May 23). Windy City Times Altschiller, D. (2009). Hate crimes V.1 Understanding and specify hate crime v .2 The consequences of hate crime v.3 The victims of hate crime v.4 Hate crime offenders v.5 Responding to hate crime. Choice, 46(12), 2418-2418. Brownworth, V. A. (1992, Hate crimes Confronting violence against lesbians and gay men. Lambda Book Report, 3, 34-34. Coker, C. T. (2011). Hope-fulfilling or effectively chilling? reconciling the hate crimes prevention act with the first amendment. Vanderbilt Law Review, 64(1), 271-299 Dressler, J. (1995). When heterosexual men kill homosexual men Reflections of provocation law, sexual advances, and the reasonable man standard. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 85(3), 726-726. Fernandez, J. M. (1991). Bringing Hate Crime into Focus-The Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-275. Harvard Civil Rights-CivilLiberties Law Review, 26(1), 33. Haider-Markel, D. P. (2001). Implementing Controversial insurance results from a national survey of law enforcement department activity on hate crime. Justice Research and Policy, 3(1), 29 -62. Herdt, G. (1995). The protection of gay and lesbian youth hate crimes The rising tide of bigotry and bloodshed by jack levin and jack McDevitt / violence against lesbians and gay men by gary david comstock. Harvard Educational Review, 65(2), 315-315 Herek, G. M. (2000). The psychology of sexual prejudice. period Directions in Psychological Science, 9(1), 19-22. Heidenreich, L. (2006). LEARNING FROM THE DEATH OF GWEN ARAUJO?Transphobic Racial Subordination and Queer Latina Survival in the Twenty-First Century. Chicana/Latina Studies, 50-86. Hoffman, S. W. (2011). Last night, I prayed to matthew Matthew shepard, homosexuality, and popular martyrdom in contemporary america. Religion and American Culture R & AC, 21(1), 121-164. Lampinen, T. M., PhD., Chan, K., Anema, A., Miller, M. L., R.N., Schilder, A. J., Schechter, Martin T,M.D., PhD., . . . Strathdee, S. A., PhD. (2008). Incidence of and risk factors for sexual orientation-related physical assault among young men who have s ex with men. American Journal of Public Health, Mariana Marroquin(2011), L.A. Gay & Lesbian Centers Anti-Violence Project. Martin, S. E. (1995). A cross-burning is not just an arson Police social construction of hate crimes in baltimore county. Criminology, 33(3), 303-30398(6), 1028-35 Morin, S. F. (1977). Heterosexual bias in psychological research on lesbianism and male homosexuality. American Psychologist, 32(8), 629. Nadine, R. R., & Davison, G. C. (2002). Articulated thoughts about antigay hate crimes. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(4), 431-447. Nolan,James J., I.,II, Akiyama, Y., & Berhanu, S. (2002). The hate crime statistics act of 1990 Developing a method for measuring the occurrence of hate violence. The American Behavioral Scientist, 46(1), 136-153. Parfaite-Claude, D. (2012). Gay-bashing, interrupted the effects of the presence of state hate crime statutes on the prevalence of hate crimes against gay individuals. Stotzer, R. L. (2008). Gender identity and hate crimes Violence against transgender people in los angeles county. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 5(1), 43-52. Stotzer, R. L. (2010). Sexual orientation-based hate crimes on campus The impact of policy on reporting rates. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 7(3), 147-154Tejeda, M. J. (2004). Egalitarianism and self-esteem as correlates of hate ideation against gay men and lesbians. Journal of multicultural Nursing & Health, 10(1), 42-50 Wilson, M. S., & Ruback, R. B. (2003). Hate crimes in pennsylvania, 1984-99 Case characteristics and police responses*. Justice Quarterly JQ, 20(2), 373-398

Age Doesnt Matter

AGE DOESNT MATTER I feel that teen eon criminals should non be considered not guilty by reason of adolescence. Just because someone is under the age of 18 doesnt give them the right to break the law. In my opinion teens should know the difference between right and wrong, therefore should be charged for their crimes just as any other person would be. Although in our puerile divisions our brains atomic number 18nt fully developed and we tend to make poor and irrational decisions teens should know if their actions are right or wrong.For example if a put one across steals a shirt and get caught they should get into trouble. Since its a severe crime, I dont think they should go to jail for it, but their must be some form of punishment. I feel that teens must be punished for the severity of the crime they committed, not by the age at which they commit it. For intense, murder. Murder is unacceptable no matter who you are or what age you are. No human has the right to take another ear th life.Whether you 17 or 47 murder is murder. Sure their may be different thought processes going on in the 17 and 47 year olds brains as to why they chose to murder, but that shouldnt matter. The main thing is that they chose to act that way, they chose to kill, and they should receive the same punishment. The punishment itself should depend on the severity of the crime not on the age of the person committing it. Say a teen kills a woman at the mall and is in court being sentenced.The jury ask to think ab bulge out the crime itself and not feel sympathy for the boy just because hes young and will have to spend the sojourn of his life in jail. If that old woman that got killed was someone they knew then they would have absolutely no second thought about sending the kid past for life. The problem is that the court system is too lenient on teens. A murderer should be sentenced as a murderer and a takeoff rocket a shoplifter, a teen should not get any kind of special treatment.In conclusion I completely think that a teen should not be considered not guilty by reason of adolescence. Teens know the difference between right and wrong and should choose to stay out of trouble. If they choose to commit a crime, then they deserve the full punishment that comes along with it. They shouldnt receive any type of special treatment whatsoever. They are responsible for their actions and need to live with the consequences just as any other person would.

Accounting: Costs and Learning Objective

econonmMicrostintings Review Quiz Test 2 1. When is peripheral utility equal to cipher? A. When TU is postcode. B. When MU is at its maximum. C. When TU is at its maximum. D. When MU is at its minimum. The future(a) add-in shows Mias $ borderline utility for fiftys of soya milk 2. Refer to the above elude to answer this question. Suppose that Mia has a budget of $7 and the worth of a litre of soya milk is $1, what is the maximum quantity that Mia talent purchase? A. 0. B. 4 litres. C. 5 litres. D. 6 litres. E. Cannot be determined. 3. What is the train formula for MCS (marginal consumer surplus)?A. $MU- legal injury. B. footing-$MU. C. $TU-price. D. TU/price. E. TU/quantity. 4. What is the term for the difference betwixt the consumers evaluation of a product and the price which is paid for it? A. Price discrimination. B. Price elasticity of demand. C. Consumer indifference. D. Consumer surplus. 5. Refer to carry over 5. 13 to answer this question. With the consumption o f what quantity is marginal utility equal to zero. A. 1. B. 5. C. 7. D. 8. 6. You support mediocre spent both hours studying microeconomics and this has made you genuinely hungry. You have $10 to spend on a snack and decide to go to Taco Bell.Putting your newly acquired economics knowledge to use, you have actual the following table to assist with your purchase decision (a) Fill in the missing values in the table above. (b) If you bought 6 tacos and 2 burritos argon you maximising your utility? let off. beneath are some financial data for the Do Drop In convenience store. The owners have tack $40,000 into the business and they worked a descend of 80 hours during the week. savings accounts are currently paying 5. 2% pursual and the going wage rate is $8 per hour. 7. Refer to the information above to answer this question.What is the weeks economic avail for the Do Drop In? A. -$320. B. -$40. C. $280. D. $320. E. $1,050. 8. Which of the following statements about the margin al product of labour is correct? A. It may either rise or fall as to a greater extent labour is utilize. B. It always rises as more labour is used. C. It always falls as more labour is used. D. There is no relationship mingled with marginal product and labour. 9. What causes marginal address to increase? A. The advantages of the office of labour. B. The fact that ATC increases. C. Raising marginal product. D. The truth of change magnitude returns. 0. Which of the following statements regarding amount hardened monetary value is correct? A. They are constant since fixed represents are fixed. B. They are equal to average uncertain represent less average nitty-gritty cost. C. When graphed, they are a horizontal line. D. When graphed, they are a straight line which comes out of the origin. E. They fall continuously as create increases. 11. Which of the following is a protean cost? A. The leasehold cost of a building. B. Insurance on the factorys physical plant. C. Raw mater ials. D. The cost of a market placeing research report. 12.What is the sum of summarise inconstant cost and core fixed costs? A. It is equal to the sum of average product and marginal product. B. It is the sum of all marginal costs. C. It is do cost. D. It is AVC times the quantity of railroad siding. 13. Can a sloshed earn an economic loss and an accounting winnings at the same time? beg off. 14. What is meant by the term economic capacity? A. An output take aim where the satisfying is physically unable to increase output. B. The output level where average variable cost is at a minimum. C. The output level where average keep down cost is at a minimum. D. Total fixed costs are at a minimum. 5. Which of the following statements is correct if a dissipateds capacity output increases from three hundred to 600 and its total costs rise from $40,000 to $78,000? A. The firm is experiencing constant returns to scale. B. The firm is experiencing decreasing returns to scale. C. T he firm is experiencing increasing returns to scale. D. The firms long-run average cost must have go down but its short-run average cost could have either decreased or increased. 16. The existence of both economies of scale and diseconomies of scale would have what effect on the LRAC curve? A. It would make it upward-sloping. B.It would make it downward-sloping. C. It would make it an inverse U shape. D. It would give it a U shape. E. It would make it horizontal. 17. All of the following, except one, are examples of pecuniary economies of scale. Which is the censure? A. A lower interest rate paid on money borrowed. B. The ability to sell the by-products of production. C. The ability to use specialized inputs such as a robotics assembly line. D. The ability to contract lower prices by buying in bulk. 18. What is the shape of the LRAC curve for a firm enjoying diseconomies of scale? 19. Which of the following refers to the dead private-enterprise(a) firm?A. It is a price-maker . B. It is a price-taker. C. It might be either a price-maker or a price-taker. D. It is neither a price-maker nor a price-taker. 20. What is the term for the extra gross derived from the sale of one more unit? A. median(a) tax receipts. B. borderline revenue. C. Net revenue. D. Total revenue. 21. What is average revenue? A. The price multiplied by the quantity sold. B. The total revenue divided by the price. C. The extra revenue derived from the sale of one more unit. D. It is equal to the price in perfectly matched markets. 22. What is break-even output? A.The output at which the total revenue just covers a firms total fixed cost. B. The output at which the total revenue just covers a firms total variable cost. C. The output at which the total revenue just covers a firms fixed and variable costs including normal boodle. D. The output at which the firm is making zero normal kales. 23. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events following a decrease in demand for a product in a perfectly war-ridden market? A. A decrease in the price and in the total lettuce of the representative firm which causes new firms to enter the industry. B.A decrease in the price and in the total profits of the representative firm which causes firms to leave the industry. C. A decrease in the price but an increase in the total profits of the representative firm which causes new firms to enter the industry. D. An increase in the price but a decrease in the total profits of the representative firm which causes firms to leave the industry. 24. How is average revenue defined? A. It is the extra revenue derived from the sale of one more unit. B. It is the total revenue divided by the number of units sold. C. It is marginal revenue divided by the number of units sold. D.It is the sum of the marginal revenue of all units sold. 25. Which of the following markets provide the best example of a perfect aspiration? A. Automobile manufacturing. B. Restaurants. C. Oil refining . D. Wheat farming. 26. apologise why a perfectly emulous firm faces a horizontal demand curve? 27. Explain why average revenue is equal to marginal revenue for a perfectly competitive firm? 28. The deliver curve for a perfectly competitive firm is that portion of its marginal cost curve that lies above its average variable cost curve. Explain why? Micro Review Quiz Test 2 Key 1. (p. 143)When is marginal utility equal to zero?A. When TU is zero. B. When MU is at its maximum. C. When TU is at its maximum. D. When MU is at its minimum. Difficulty diffused learnedness mark 05-01 Explain the law of diminishing marginal utility. Sayre Chapter 05 11 man-made lake text issue Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility symbol Comprehension caseful pick-me-up The following table shows Mias $ marginal utility for litres of soya milk Sayre Chapter 05 2. (p. 151)Refer to the above table to answer this question. Suppose that Mia has a budget of $7 and the price of a litre of soya milk is $1 , what is the maximum quantity that Mia might purchase? A. 0. B. litres. C. 5 litres. D. 6 litres. E. Cannot be determined. Difficulty Easy acquisition impersonal 05-04 Provide a theoretical rationale for downward-sloping demand curves. Sayre Chapter 05 54 bloodline Text Topic Marginal Utility and Demand fount Computation Type tone arm 3. (p. 154)What is the correct formula for MCS (marginal consumer surplus)? A. $MU-price. B. Price-$MU. C. $TU-price. D. TU/price. E. TU/quantity. Difficulty Easy eruditeness object lens 05-05 Understand why consumers generally value a product more than the price they pay. Sayre Chapter 05 62 citation Text Topic Consumer Surplus Type definitionType Pickup 4. (p. 154)What is the term for the difference between the consumers evaluation of a product and the price which is paid for it? A. Price discrimination. B. Price elasticity of demand. C. Consumer indifference. D. Consumer surplus. Difficulty Easy information Objective 05-05 Understand why consumers generally value a product more than the price they pay. Sayre Chapter 05 63 Source Text Topic Consumer Surplus Type Definition Type Pickup Sayre Chapter 05 5. (p. 162)Refer to Table 5. 13 to answer this question. With the consumption of what quantity is marginal utility equal to zero.A. 1. B. 5. C. 7. D. 8. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 05-02 Derive a consumers purchasing rule that ensures satisfaction is maximized. Sayre Chapter 05 91 Source Study orchestrate Topic Optimal get Rule Type Computation Type Pickup 6. (p. 145-148)You have just spent two hours studying microeconomics and this has made you very hungry. You have $10 to spend on a snack and decide to go to Taco Bell. Putting your newly acquired economics knowledge to use, you have developed the following table to assist with your purchase decision (a) Fill in the missing values in the table above. b) If you bought 6 tacos and 2 burritos are you maximizing your utility? Explain. (a) The completed table ( b) By purchasing 6 tacos and 2 burritos you are not maximizing your utility. At this level of consumption you have put yourself into the following position MU/P for tacos = -6 9 = MU/P for burritos. You can use the rational choice rule to reallocate your $10 and increase your total utility. sort of than the above allocation, you should purchase each item until your MU/P is the same for both munchies. Doing so will result in the purchase of 4 double Decker tacos and 3 chicken burrito Supremes.To see why this is the case, think about each purchase individually, and pick the item that will give you the highest MU/P. Reasoning in this way, you would make the following decisions First dollar spent on a taco Second through fourth dollars spent on one taco and one burrito one-fifth dollar spent on a taco Sixth and seventh dollars spent on a burrito Eighth through tenth dollars spent on one taco and one burrito After this allocation, the MU/P for each item is the same (and equal to 4). D ifficulty Difficult Learning Objective 05-02 Derive a consumers purchasing rule that ensures satisfaction is maximized.Sayre Chapter 05 130 Source Text Topic Optimal Purchasing Rule Type Computation Type Pickup on a lower floor are some financial data for the Do Drop In convenience store. The owners have put $40,000 into the business and they worked a total of 80 hours during the week. nest egg accounts are currently paying 5. 2% interest and the going wage rate is $8 per hour. Sayre Chapter 06 7. (p. 182)Refer to the information above to answer this question. What is the weeks economic profit for the Do Drop In? A. -$320. B. -$40. C. $280. D. $320. E. $1,050. Difficulty EasyLearning Objective 06-01 Understand how and why economists measure costs differently from how accountants do and distinguish between the accountants and economists views of profits. Sayre Chapter 06 10 Source Text Topic Explicit and Implicit be Type Computation Type Pickup 8. (p. 185)Which of the following statements about the marginal product of labour is correct? A. It may either rise or fall as more labour is used. B. It always rises as more labour is used. C. It always falls as more labour is used. D. There is no relationship between marginal product and labour.Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 06-02 Understand the crucial relationship between productivity and costs. Sayre Chapter 06 23 Source Text Topic Theory of Production Type Comprehension Type Pickup 9. (p. 194)What causes marginal cost to increase? A. The advantages of the division of labour. B. The fact that ATC increases. C. Raising marginal product. D. The law of diminishing returns. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 06-04 List and graph the seven specific cost definitions used by economists. Sayre Chapter 06 75 Source Text Topic Total be and Average Total CostsType Comprehension Type Pickup 10. (p. 193)Which of the following statements regarding average fixed costs is correct? A. They are constant since fixed costs are fixed. B. They are equal to average variable cost less average total cost. C. When graphed, they are a horizontal line. D. When graphed, they are a straight line which comes out of the origin. E. They fall continuously as output increases. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 06-04 List and graph the seven specific cost definitions used by economists. Sayre Chapter 06 84 Source Text Topic Total Costs and Average Total CostsType Comprehension Type Pickup 11. (p. 190)Which of the following is a variable cost? A. The leasehold cost of a building. B. Insurance on the factorys physical plant. C. Raw materials. D. The cost of a marketing research report. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 06-03 Understand the important difference between fixed costs and variable costs. Sayre Chapter 06 86 Source Text Topic Marginal and Variable Costs Type Computation Type Pickup 12. (p. 202)What is the sum of total variable costs and total fixed costs? A. It is equal to the sum of average product and marginal product.B. It is the sum of all marginal costs. C. It is total cost. D. It is AVC times the quantity of output. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 06-04 List and graph the seven specific cost definitions used by economists. Sayre Chapter 06 119 Source Study Guide Topic Total Costs and Average Total Costs Type Definition Type Pickup 13. (p. 182-183)Can a firm earn an economic loss and an accounting profit at the same time? Explain. Accounting profit is equal to total revenue less explicit cost and economic profits is equal to total revenue less implicit cost and explicit cost.Suppose the firm is earning an accounting profit. If implicit cost is greater than accounting profit, there will be an economic loss. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 06-05 Explain the meaning of increasing productivity and cutting costs. Sayre Chapter 06 158 Source Text Topic Explicit and Implicit Costs Type Comprehension Type Pickup 14. (p. 210)What is meant by the term economic capacity? A. An ou tput level where the firm is physically unable to increase output. B. The output level where average variable cost is at a minimum. C. The output level where average total cost is at a minimum.D. Total fixed costs are at a minimum. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 07-02 Understand why medium-sized firms are sometimes just as in effect(p) as big firms. Sayre Chapter 07 3 Source Text Topic Constant Returns to Scale Type Definition Type Pickup 15. (p. 213)Which of the following statements is correct if a firms capacity output increases from 300 to 600 and its total costs rise from $40,000 to $78,000? A. The firm is experiencing constant returns to scale. B. The firm is experiencing decreasing returns to scale. C. The firm is experiencing increasing returns to scale. D.The firms long-run average cost must have decreased but its short-run average cost could have either decreased or increased. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 07-03 Understand why big firms sometimes enjoy great cost advantages. Sayre Chapter 07 17 Source Text Topic Economies of Scale Type Definition Type Pickup 16. (p. 218)The existence of both economies of scale and diseconomies of scale would have what effect on the LRAC curve? A. It would make it upward-sloping. B. It would make it downward-sloping. C. It would give it an inverse U shape. D. It would give it a U shape. E.It would make it horizontal. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 07-06 Explain what is meant by the right size of firm. Sayre Chapter 07 46 Source Text Topic What is the Right Size of Firm? Type Comprehension Type Pickup 17. (p. 224)All of the following, except one, are examples of pecuniary economies of scale. Which is the exception? A. A lower interest rate paid on money borrowed. B. The ability to sell the by-products of production. C. The ability to use specialized inputs such as a robotics assembly line. D. The ability to obtain lower prices by buying in bulk. Difficulty EasyLearning Objective 07-03 Understand why big firms sometimes enjoy great cost advantages. Sayre Chapter 07 75 Source Study Guide Topic Economies of Scale Type Comprehension Type Pickup 18. (p. 215)What is the shape of the LRAC curve for a firm enjoying diseconomies of scale? The long-run average cost curve is upward-sloping when the firm is experiencing diseconomies of scale an increase in output will lead to an increase in the average cost. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 07-04 Understand why firms can sometimes be alike big. Sayre Chapter 07 120 Source Text Topic Why Firms can be too BigType Comprehension Type Pickup 19. (p. 232)Which of the following refers to the perfectly competitive firm? A. It is a price-maker. B. It is a price-taker. C. It might be either a price-maker or a price-taker. D. It is neither a price-maker nor a price-taker. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 08-02 Explain what is meant by perfect competition and the market system. Sayre Chapter 08 6 Source Text Topic Perfect Competition and the Mark et System Type Definition Type Pickup 20. (p. 239)What is the term for the extra revenue derived from the sale of one more unit? A. Average revenue. B. Marginal revenue.C. Net revenue. D. Total revenue. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 08-03 using up two approaches to rationalize how a firm might maximize its profits. Sayre Chapter 08 12 Source Text Topic The Competitive manufacturing and Firm Type Definition Type Pickup 21. (p. 238)What is average revenue? A. The price multiplied by the quantity sold. B. The total revenue divided by the price. C. The extra revenue derived from the sale of one more unit. D. It is equal to the price in perfectly competitive markets. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 08-03 Use two approaches to explain how a firm might maximize its profits.Sayre Chapter 08 13 Source Text Topic The Competitive Industry and Firm Type Definition Type Pickup 22. (p. 239)What is break-even output? A. The output at which the total revenue just covers a firms total f ixed cost. B. The output at which the total revenue just covers a firms total variable cost. C. The output at which the total revenue just covers a firms fixed and variable costs including normal profits. D. The output at which the firm is making zero normal profits. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 08-03 Use two approaches to explain how a firm might maximize its profits. Sayre Chapter 08 26Source Text Topic The Competitive Industry and Firm Type Definition Type Pickup 23. (p. 254)Which of the following is the correct sequence of events following a decrease in demand for a product in a perfectly competitive market? A. A decrease in the price and in the total profits of the representative firm which causes new firms to enter the industry. B. A decrease in the price and in the total profits of the representative firm which causes firms to leave the industry. C. A decrease in the price but an increase in the total profits of the representative firm which causes new firms to enter t he industry. D.An increase in the price but a decrease in the total profits of the representative firm which causes firms to leave the industry. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 08-06 Explain the effect of a change in market demand or market supply on both the industry and the firm. Sayre Chapter 08 100 Source Text Topic The Industry Demand and Supply Type Comprehension Type Pickup 24. (p. 260)How is average revenue defined? A. It is the extra revenue derived from the sale of one more unit. B. It is the total revenue divided by the number of units sold. C. It is marginal revenue divided by the number of units sold.D. It is the sum of the marginal revenue of all units sold. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 08-03 Use two approaches to explain how a firm might maximize its profits. Sayre Chapter 08 106 Source Study Guide Topic The Competitive Industry and Firm Type Definition Type Pickup 25. (p. 261)Which of the following markets provide the best example of a perfect competition? A. Automobile manufacturing. B. Restaurants. C. Oil refining. D. Wheat farming. Difficulty Easy Learning Objective 08-02 Explain what is meant by perfect competition and the market system.Sayre Chapter 08 111 Source Study Guide Topic Perfect Competition Type Comprehension Type Pickup 26. (p. 237)Explain why a perfectly competitive firm faces a horizontal demand curve? In a perfectly competitive market, the individual firm has no control over price. Furthermore, the individual firm only produces a tiny fraction of the total market supply. If the individual firm sells at a higher price, nobody will buy it nor would the firm sell it at a lower price. Therefore there is only one price the market price, at which the firm can produce as much or as little as it wishes.Difficulty Moderate Learning Objective 08-03 Use two approaches to explain how a firm might maximize its profits. Sayre Chapter 08 170 Source Text Topic The Competitive Industry and Firm Type Comprehension Type Pickup 27. (p. 239)Explain why average revenue is equal to marginal revenue for a perfectly competitive firm? A perfectly competitive firm faces a perfectly elastic demand curve. It may sell as many units as it wishes at the prevailing market price, thus the revenue from the incremental sale (MR) and the revenue per unit (AR) is equal to the price.Difficulty Moderate Learning Objective 08-03 Use two approaches to explain how a firm might maximize its profits. Sayre Chapter 08 171 Source Text Topic The Competitive Industry and Firm Type Comprehension Type Pickup 28. (p. 248)The supply curve for a perfectly competitive firm is that portion of its marginal cost curve that lies above its average variable cost curve. Explain why? If the price is below average variable cost, the firm could not cover all of its variable cost. It would therefore shut down and produce nothing.If the price is equal or greater to the average variable cost, the firm will cover all of its variable cost, thus the firm will operate. Difficulty Moderate Learning Objective 08-05 Explain how a firms supply curve is derived. Sayre Chapter 08 173 Source Text Topic The Firms Supply curve Type Comprehension Type Pickup Micro Review Quiz Test 2 Summary Category ofQuestions DifficultyDifficult 1 DifficultyEasy 24 DifficultyModerate 3 LearningObjective05-01Explainthelawofdiminishingmarginalutility. 1 LearningObjective05-02Deriveaconsumerspurchasingrulethatensuressatisfactionismaximized. 1 LearningObjective05-02Deriveaconsumerspurchasingrulethatensuressatisfactionismaximized. 1 LearningObjective05-04Provideatheoreticalrationalefordownward-slopingdemandcurves. 1 LearningObjective05-05Understandwhyconsumersgenerallyvalueaproductmorethanthepricetheypay. 2 LearningObjective06-01Understandhowandwhyeconomistsmeasurecostsdifferentlyfromhowaccountantsdoanddistinguishbetweentheaccountantsandeconomistsviewsofprofits. 1 LearningObjective06-02Understandthecrucialrelationshipbetweenproductivityandcosts. 1 LearningObjec tive06-03Understandtheimportantdifferencebetweenfixedcostsandvariablecosts. 1 LearningObjective06-04Listandgraphthesevenspecificcostdefinitionsusedbyeconomists. 3 LearningObjective06-05Explainthemeaningofincreasingproductivityand cuttingcosts. 1 LearningObjective07-02Understandwhymedium-sizedfirmsaresometimesjustasefficientasbigfirms. 1 LearningObjective07-03Understandwhybigfirmssometimesenjoygreatcostadvantages. 2 LearningObjective07-04Understandwhyfirmscansometimesbetoobig. 1 LearningObjective07-06Explainwhatismeantbytherightsizeoffirm. 1 LearningObjective08-02Explainwhatismeantbyperfectcompetitionandthemarketsystem. 2 LearningObjective08-03Usetwoapproachestoexplainhowafirmmightmaximizeitsprofits. 6 LearningObjective08-05Explainhowafirmssupplycurveisderived. 1 LearningObjective08-06Explaintheeffectofachangeinmarketdemandormarketsupplyonboththeindustryandthefirm. 1 SayreChapter05 8SayreChapter06 8 SayreChapter07 5 SayreChapter08 10 SourceStudyGuide 5 SourceText 23 TopicCo nstantReturnstoScale 1 TopicConsumerSurplus 2 TopicEconomiesofScale 2 TopicExplicitandImplicitCosts 2 TopicLawofDiminishingMarginalUtility 1 TopicMarginalandVariableCosts 1 TopicMarginalUtilityandDemand 1 TopicOptimalPurchasingRule 2 TopicPerfectCompetition 1 TopicPerfectCompetitionandtheMarketSystem 1 TopicTheCompetitiveIndustryandFirm 6 TopicTheFirmsSupplycurve 1

Related Text For Tom Brennan Essay Essay

By the Grace of God by Katy Perry is a pains of heart break and determination , Katy herself is faced with the challenge of on the job(p) though positive and negative experiences she has encountered through her divorce. These negative experiences that Katy faces are portrayed through a number of features some include the use of a depress and Grey tones throughout the first two verses thought i wasnt enough , Couldnt take it anymore, Running on empty so out of gas This is one way Katy expresses her negative experience of heartache and aggravator, this also can refer to her depression. Another technique used to reveal her trouble is the use of similes for example locked up tight like iron mountain Katy feels trapped and depressed and when the truth was like swallowing sand Katy feels as though she is break-dance to just suffer than face the truth although Katy has faced all of these negative experiences she some how finds it in herself to make her own positive experiences i n a mistakable way to Tom Brennan.For the rest of the song Katy is all about turning her negative experiences into positives. She is determined to pick herself back up and to fight through the pain and get back to her new/ normal life. This is when she leans to the spiritual/ religious side of things which is a strong theme throughout the rest of the song as it ends every chorus By the Grace of God These positive experiences of rebuilding and reflection are proclaimed through two main features the use of imagery and the repeat of lyrics. Types of imagery indicated in this song are religious imagery By the grace of god ( There was no other way) this indicates to the audience that her faith was her plump resort to help her turn her life. hopeful imagery I picked myself back up , Decided to stay, Im not giving up This unveils to us that she is willing to leave the past behind and is ready to face the future. Imagery of Katy rebuilding her confidence is strong throughout the mid dle and end of this song this displays that her life is really heading in a positive direction and she is not going to let the negative things bring her down examples of this are I could Finally see my self again This is very similar the the quote In Tom Brennan I could smile, cause I could see that he wasclimax back.

Why One Should Never Make An Important Decision Alone

There be many things that stooge be through with(p) by people who throw an Coperni mickle decisiveness in group. However, some people like to arouse an important decision alone. This condition may lead to some undesirable results. I agree that an important decision should never be made alone. Therefore, this essay shall explore some powers why a someone should never make an important decision alone. First of all, it is essential to make an important decision with others. As we all know, people need to consider about others opinion to make a right decision. For example, owner of a big company usually holds a meeting to discuss the problem of their company.This circumstances can help the owner to make a right decision how to tackle the problem of the company. The other reason is that do an important decision alone can sometimes be done without calculation. As a result, this may lead to a catastrophic result. For instance, there are some companies went bankrupt because the own er did not take others opinion about their decision. For this reason, other people can help us not to make a reckless decision that may lead to our own miscarriage. Finally, making an important decision with others can help to minimize the risk of making mistakes.Furthermore, it can help to lighten the burden of the people who are in charge of making an important decision. For example, there are always more than one sample in a court to ensure that there would not be an error in making a decision. In a nutshell, it is clear that a person should never make an important decision alone. In my opinion, an important decision should be made with a full consideration as it is passing risky. For this reason, we need to discuss our decision with others. By doing it right, one can take an important decision without a full risk.

Poetry Analysis

English 1302, Composition II verse line digest Assignment Choose ONE of the prompts below thence write a 3-4 page poetry analysis in which you try the white plague of literary elements in one of the assigned poems listed the States (Claude McKay) We Wear the Mask (capital of Minnesota Laurence Dunbar) Harlem (A Dream Deferred) (Langston Hughes) Mirror (Sylvia Plath) The noggin Eaters (Gwendolyn supports) To The Mercy Killers (Dudley Randall) Do Not Go stay into That Good Night (Dylan doubting Thomas).Your purpose is to explicate (interpret) and analyze (examine) one poem, defend your interpretive claim (a clear, concise, debatable, and forceful thesis statement that explains what the poems mean and how literary elements (i. e. vocaliser, figurative language (metaphor, simile, synechdoche, metonymy, personification, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox), imagery, plump patterns, format, theme, persona, greenback, symbolisation, connotation, or denotation) argon busy to convey the poems message.Your primary raise mustiness hump from the poem itself however, you will be required to incorporate at least two secondary sources into your work. You must engagement literary sacrifice verb tense in reference to the poem and sources however, you whitethorn not use basic-person (I, me, we, our, us), second-person (you) references, or contractions (isnt( is not). Neither dour topic nor late essays will be accepted also, plagiarized essays automatically receive a zero, and they may not be made up. In this paper you will attach to the following Make and support a claim regarding most issue in an assigned poem. substantiate a clearly-stated thesis that includes literary elements and gives the basic overview of your argument. Use quotes from the poem to support your major points. Also, use literary criticism from relevant and genuine sources to support your major points. Make interpretive arguments around the language, tone, imagery, and figures of speech i n the poetry, all toward proving your thesis. Put slashes among words to indicate a line break when quoting less than iv lines We wear the mask that grins nd lies, / It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes, (Anything more(prenominal) than than than four lines should be put into block format, indenting 10 spaces and double spacing the text) The scuttle stanza of Louise Bogans Women startles readers by presenting a negative stereotype of women Women have no wilderness in them, They are provident instead, Content in the tight hot cell of their police wagon To eat dusty bread. (1-4) deliver the goods parenthetical citations that indicate line numbers for any quoted text. In the first reference, use the word lines. Thereafter, use just numbers.For example, the above lines would be followed by this notation (lines 1-2). Avoid written material merely a summary of the poem. Length 3-4 pages (3-full page minimum) work Cited page (MLA format) Format MLA format 1-inch margins, quantify New Roman font, point-size 12 typed, double-spaced, printed stapled header and pagination Sources 3 sources minimum (1-primary sources (the poem in the textbook) 2-secondary sources (scholarly literary criticism from books, journals, magazines, and newspapers)) Resources TJC Library Databases (http//www. jc. edu/depository library/find_articles/) Purdue OWL (http//owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/747/01/) composing Center (Jenkins 1108) Literature and the physical composition Process, pp. 98-106. Due Dates Outline ________________________ friend Edit, Rough Draft (completed, typed, and printed) ________________________ Final Draft Outline, Peer-edited Rough draftsmanship, Final draft _______________________Evaluation Topic Selection/ appropriateness Guidelines Minimum length MLA style (manuscript) Clear, assertive, and analytical thesis statement utile organization (structure), analyzing literary elements potent paragraph structure (topic sentences, unity, coher ence, development) smooth and proper MLA integration (lead-in statement, concrete detail, input/analysis), citation (parenthetical citations), and documentation Works Cited) Good, varied sentence structure (few or no comma splices, fragments, and consolidated sentences few or no errors in subject-verb agreement, pronoun-antecedent agreement, and verb tense consistency) Good word choice Proper grammar and punctuation. Writing Prompts 1. stress and defend a claim about social protest poetry. Analyze theme in one or more of these poems Claude McKays feelings in America about living in a racist country analyze those denotative by capital of Minnesota Laurence Dunbar in We Wear the Mask or analyze those expressed by Langston Hughes in Harlem (A Dream Deferred). 2. Examine and defend a claim about imagery OR symbolism in one or more of the following poems Claude McKays America, Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Gwendolyn posts The bean plant Eaters, or Sylvia Plaths Mirror. 3. Examine themes about identity element (self, cultural, gender, professional, community/social, national), masks, and/or feigning in one of these poems Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Sylvia Plaths Mirror, or Claude McKays America. 4.Examine the use of caustic remark (verbal, situational, dramatic) OR motivation (extrinsic, intrinsic) in one or more of these poems Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Langston Hughess Harlem (A Dream Deferred), Dudley Randalls To The Mercy Killers, Claude McKays America, Gwendolyn Brooks The Bean Eaters, or Dylan Thomass Do Not Go wanton into that Good Night. 5. Examine theme, specifically the attitude toward death expressed in one or two of these poems Dudley Randalls To The Mercy Killers or Dylan Thomass Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night. 6. Examine conflict (internal and external) in one or more of these poems Claude McKays America, Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Gwendolyn Brooks The Bean Eaters, Dudley Randalls To th e Mercy Killers, Dylan Thomass Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night. 7. Examine persona or speaker in one or more of these poems Claude McKays America, Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Sylvia Plaths Mirror, Dudley Randalls To the Mercy Killers, Dylan Thomass Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night. 8. Examine some aspect of figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, synecdoche, metonymy) in one or more of these poems McKays America, Plaths Mirror, Brooks The Bean Eaters, Hughes Harlem (A Dream Deferred). Scratch Outline Poetry Analysis I. Introduction A. Attention-Getter (Hook) B. earth Information (T-A-G) C. Thesis Statement The Poem relies on figurative language, imagery, and tone to convey this theme. Thesis should be clear, concise, assertive, and arguable) II. Body Paragraphs A. Poem Synopsis (Summary) 1. Point 1 2. Point 2 B. Poems newspaper 1. Identity a. concrete detail b. concrete detail 2. Denial/ pretense a. concrete detail b. concrete de tail B. Poems Explication (Explanation) Figurative Language 1. Metaphor 2. personification C. Poems Explication resource 1. Visual 2. Tactile D. Poems Explication Tone 1. Reflective 2. Resigned III. stopping point IV. Works CitedPoetry AnalysisEnglish 1302, Composition II Poetry Analysis Assignment Choose ONE of the prompts below then write a 3-4 page poetry analysis in which you analyze the use of literary elements in one of the assigned poems listed America (Claude McKay) We Wear the Mask (Paul Laurence Dunbar) Harlem (A Dream Deferred) (Langston Hughes) Mirror (Sylvia Plath) The Bean Eaters (Gwendolyn Brooks) To The Mercy Killers (Dudley Randall) Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night (Dylan Thomas).Your purpose is to explicate (interpret) and analyze (examine) one poem, defending your interpretive claim (a clear, concise, debatable, and assertive thesis statement that explains what the poems mean and how literary elements (i. e. speaker, figurative language (metaphor, simile, synechdoche, metonymy, personification, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox), imagery, sound patterns, format, theme, persona, tone, symbolism, connotation, or denotation) are employed to convey the poems message.Your primary support must come from the poem itself however, you will be required to incorporate at least two secondary sources into your work. You must use literary present verb tense in reference to the poem and sources however, you may not use first-person (I, me, we, our, us), second-person (you) references, or contractions (isnt( is not). Neither off topic nor late essays will be accepted also, plagiarized essays automatically receive a zero, and they may not be made up. In this paper you will adhere to the following Make and support a claim regarding some issue in an assigned poem. Have a clearly-stated thesis that includes literary elements and gives the basic overview of your argument. Use quotes from the poem to support your major points. Also, use literary criticism fr om relevant and reliable sources to support your major points. Make interpretive arguments about the language, tone, imagery, and figures of speech in the poetry, all toward proving your thesis. Put slashes between words to indicate a line break when quoting less than four lines We wear the mask that grins nd lies, / It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes, (Anything more than four lines should be put into block format, indenting 10 spaces and double spacing the text) The opening stanza of Louise Bogans Women startles readers by presenting a negative stereotype of women Women have no wilderness in them, They are provident instead, Content in the tight hot cell of their hearts To eat dusty bread. (1-4) Provide parenthetical citations that indicate line numbers for any quoted text. In the first reference, use the word lines. Thereafter, use just numbers.For example, the above lines would be followed by this notation (lines 1-2). Avoid writing merely a summary of the poem. Length 3-4 pages (3-full page minimum) Works Cited page (MLA format) Format MLA format 1-inch margins, Times New Roman font, point-size 12 typed, double-spaced, printed stapled header and pagination Sources 3 sources minimum (1-primary sources (the poem in the textbook) 2-secondary sources (scholarly literary criticism from books, journals, magazines, and newspapers)) Resources TJC Library Databases (http//www. jc. edu/library/find_articles/) Purdue OWL (http//owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/747/01/) Writing Center (Jenkins 1108) Literature and the Writing Process, pp. 98-106. Due Dates Outline ________________________ Peer Edit, Rough Draft (completed, typed, and printed) ________________________ Final Draft Outline, Peer-edited Rough draft, Final draft _______________________Evaluation Topic Selection/Appropriateness Guidelines Minimum length MLA style (manuscript) Clear, assertive, and analytical thesis statement Effective organization (structure), analyzing literary elements Ef fective paragraph structure (topic sentences, unity, coherence, development) smooth and proper MLA integration (lead-in statement, concrete detail, commentary/analysis), citation (parenthetical citations), and documentation Works Cited) Good, varied sentence structure (few or no comma splices, fragments, and fused sentences few or no errors in subject-verb agreement, pronoun-antecedent agreement, and verb tense consistency) Good word choice Proper grammar and punctuation. Writing Prompts 1. Examine and defend a claim about social protest poetry. Analyze theme in one or more of these poems Claude McKays feelings in America about living in a racist country analyze those expressed by Paul Laurence Dunbar in We Wear the Mask or analyze those expressed by Langston Hughes in Harlem (A Dream Deferred). 2. Examine and defend a claim about imagery OR symbolism in one or more of the following poems Claude McKays America, Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Gwendolyn Brooks The Bean Eaters , or Sylvia Plaths Mirror. 3. Examine themes about identity (self, cultural, gender, professional, community/social, national), masks, and/or deception in one of these poems Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Sylvia Plaths Mirror, or Claude McKays America. 4.Examine the use of irony (verbal, situational, dramatic) OR motivation (extrinsic, intrinsic) in one or more of these poems Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Langston Hughess Harlem (A Dream Deferred), Dudley Randalls To The Mercy Killers, Claude McKays America, Gwendolyn Brooks The Bean Eaters, or Dylan Thomass Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night. 5. Examine theme, specifically the attitude toward death expressed in one or two of these poems Dudley Randalls To The Mercy Killers or Dylan Thomass Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night. 6. Examine conflict (internal and external) in one or more of these poems Claude McKays America, Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Gwendolyn Brooks The Bean Eaters, Dudley Rand alls To the Mercy Killers, Dylan Thomass Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night. 7. Examine persona or speaker in one or more of these poems Claude McKays America, Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Sylvia Plaths Mirror, Dudley Randalls To the Mercy Killers, Dylan Thomass Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night. 8. Examine some aspect of figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, synecdoche, metonymy) in one or more of these poems McKays America, Plaths Mirror, Brooks The Bean Eaters, Hughes Harlem (A Dream Deferred). Scratch Outline Poetry Analysis I. Introduction A. Attention-Getter (Hook) B. Background Information (T-A-G) C. Thesis Statement The Poem relies on figurative language, imagery, and tone to convey this theme. Thesis should be clear, concise, assertive, and arguable) II. Body Paragraphs A. Poem Synopsis (Summary) 1. Point 1 2. Point 2 B. Poems Theme 1. Identity a. concrete detail b. concrete detail 2. Denial/Deception a. concrete detail b. co ncrete detail B. Poems Explication (Explanation) Figurative Language 1. Metaphor 2. Personification C. Poems Explication Imagery 1. Visual 2. Tactile D. Poems Explication Tone 1. Reflective 2. Resigned III. Conclusion IV. Works Cited

Forgiveness: Jesus and Lord Essay

A description for forgiveness could be giving up my right to hurt you, for hurting me. It is impossible to live on this fallen planet without getting hurt, offended, misunderstood, lied to, and rejected. Learning how to respond properly is one of the basics of the Christian life.The word forgive means to wipe the slate clean, to pardon, to cancel a debt. When we wrong someone, we seek his or her forgiveness in order for the relationship to be restored. It is important to remember that forgiveness is not granted because a person deserves to be forgiven. Instead, it is an act of love, mercy, and grace. Admiting that you are hurt, however pass oning to give up claims for restitution.fling forgiveness is hard for us. When we are hurt or disappointed, we want to be repaid for the grief and inconvenience that weve suffered. It only seems right. But the Bible says, forgive as the Lord forgave you. Through Christ, all our sins are taken forth freely and completely. To forgive as the L ord forgives requires that we let others off the hook with no compensation vomit across or paid.We dont understand the value of forgiveness because we are flawed not expert in our relationships but also in our thinking. It takes strength to put aside our thirst for vengeance and advance mercy instead. It takes a loving heart to work through and through angry feelings and reach out to tit those who direct hurt you. It takes wisdom to understand that no one is faultless and entitled to claim the honourable high ground in a dispute.Genesis 454-84 Then Joseph express to his brothers, enumerate close to me. When they had done so, he said, I am your brother Joseph, the one you sold into Egypt 5 And now, do not be distressed and do not be angry with yourselves for selling me here, because it was to save lives that divinity sent me ahead of you. 6 For two years now there has been famine in the land, and for the neighboring five years there will be no plowing and reaping. 7 But d ivinity fudge sent me ahead of you to preserve for you a remnant on earth and to save your lives by a great deliverance.a 8 So then, it was not you who sent me here, but perfection. He made me father to Pharaoh, passkey of his entire household and ruler of all Egypt. Genesis 502020 You intended to revile me, but beau ideal intended it for good to accomplish what is now being done, the saving of many lives. 1 Samuel 243-7 3 He came to the sheep pens along the way a cave was there, and Saul went in to repeat himself. David and his men were far back in the cave. 4 The men said, This is the day the LORD spoke of when he saida to you, I will give your enemy into your hands for you to deal with as you wish. Then David crept up unperceived and cut off a corner of Sauls robe. 5 Afterward, David was conscience-stricken for having cut off a corner of his robe. 6 He said to his men, The LORD forbid that I should do such a thing to my master, the LORDs anointed, or lay my hand on him for he is the anointed of the LORD. 7 With these lyric David sharply rebuked his men and did not allow them to attack Saul. And Saul left the cave and went his way. 1Samuel 268-11Abishai said to David, Today God has delivered your enemy into your hands. Now let me pin him to the ground with one thrust of my light beam I wont strike him twice. 9 But David said to Abishai, Dont abrogate him Who can lay a hand on the LORDs anointed and be guiltless? 10 As surely as the LORD lives, he said, the LORD himself will strike him either his clip will come and he will die, or he will go into battle and perish. 11 But the LORD forbid that I should lay a hand on the LORDs anointed. Now get the spear and irrigate jug that are near his head, and lets go. Hebrews 121515 See to it that no one falls short of the grace of God and that no bitter root grows up to cause trouble and defile many.Fearing God means having such a reverence for Him that it has a great impact on the way we live our lives. The venerate of God is respecting Him, obeying Him, submitting to His discipline, and worshipping Him in awe.When either the Hebrew Bible or Christian record sanctions the precaution of the Lord, it is referring to what Eugene Peterson describes as a fear that pulls us out of our preoccupation with ourselves, our feelings, or our circumstances into a world of wonder. Not dread but astonishment. Not terror but reverence. Not shaking-in-your-boots panic, but enraptured-with-love fascination.Thus we begin to understand why Scripture says Let all the earth fear the Lord let all the inhabitants of the world stand in awe of him (Psalm 338 NRSV). The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom (Proverbs 910). Therefore, knowing the fear of the Lord, we try to persuade others (2 Corinthians 511).The God who has showed himself in history as Jesus of Nazareth is not a thug who threatens and pushes people around. He is the God who creates such beauty in the world that we stand speechless, upho lds us in our crisis moments so that we do not Fight the good fight of doctrine, lay hold on eternal life, whereunto thou art also called, and hast professed a good profession before many witnesses(1 herds grass 612) Success seems to be largely a consider of hanging on after others have let go. William FeatherDont be discouraged. Its often the last key in the bunch that opens the lock. Author Unknown Keep on way out, and the chances are that you will stumble on something, perchance when you are least expecting it. I never heard of anyone ever stumbling on something sitting down. Charles F. KetteringThe kingdom of God has been subject to violenceEphesians 611-12New International Version (NIV)11 Put on the salutary armor of God, so that you can take your stand against the devils schemes. 12 For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heav enly realms. . ( 2 herds grass 23-7)Endure with us , like a good soldier of Christ Jesus. 4 No one serving as a soldier gets entangled in civilian affairs, but quite tries to please his commanding officer. 5 Similarly, anyone who competes as an athlete does not receive the victors acme except by competing according to the rules. 6 The hardworking farmer should be the first to receive a share of the crops. 7 Reflect on what I am saying, for the Lord will give you perceptivity into all this. he was born in San Diego on November 9, 1918. Chadwick had her first submergeming competition win at the age of ten, and at the age of eleven competed in her first challenging competition, a rough water swim. She placed fourth in the event. Chadwicks biggest contribution to swimming history occurred on August 8, 1950, when she get across the English Channel in 13 clock of days and 20 minutes, breaking the then-current world record held by American swimmer Gertrude Ederle.One year later, Ch adwick crossed the English Channel yet again, from England to France this time, in 16 hours and 22 minutes, thus making her the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions, and consideration a record for the England-France journey. In 1952, Florence attempted to swim the 26 miles between Catalina Island and the California coastline. As she began, she was flanked by small boats that watched for sharks and were prepared to help her if she got hurt or grew tired. After about 15 hours a wooden-headed fog set in. Florence began to doubt her ability, and she told her mother, who was in one of the boats, that she didnt think she could make it.She swam for another hour before asking to be pulled out, unable to see the coastline due to the fog. As she sat in the boat, she lay down out she had stopped swimming just one mile away from her destination.2 Two months later, Chadwick tried again. This time was different. The same thick fog set in, but she made it because she said that she kept a amiable image of the shoreline in her mind while she swam. In 1954, she attempted to become the first person to swim across Lake Ontario but gave up after becoming ill a few hours into her swim. Canadian Marilyn Bell, succeeded the side by side(p) day. She died on March 15, 1995.You must also have confidence in your weapons. Our weapons are mighty through God, we are told. God has told you how to win and just as surely as you follow his instructions and self-assertion in him for results, he will cause you to wear the victors crown. Our cause is a blameless one. Have faith in that cause, and know that right must triumph. But remember that you cannot win unless you put your faith into your fighting. This is the victory that overcometh the world, even your faith. look at that you will win. No matter how weak you are, no matter how great your foe, no matter what may confront you, go into the conflict with that courage that is born of faith. Believe that God will give you the victory. Do no consider defeat at all. Let your faith mount up, and say I can win, and I will win. In God I will conquer. Throw away your doubts. Make an end of them. Trust in God. His word is true. You can believe it if you will, and believe it, you shall be more than conqueror through him that loves you.God is concerned that a great number of place Christians are at the verge of frustration and discouragement because their efforts to bring the power of God to bear on situations and circumstances around them are not yielding any tangible result. They have prayed, fasted and diligently want the face of the Lord and yet the conditions remain the same. Some have actually concluded that God has deserted them. In fact others are beginning to doubt whether Christianity is true or not. Their love for the Lord is going cold.If this is your condition, then you are one of those for whom God has prepared this message. Be assured that God has not forget nor forsaken you, rather He has been waiting for you to be ready for the truth you are about to hear. Indeed, it should be a concern to all of us that there is so much struggling with the Christian life immediately and the power of God seems to flow only in trickles in peoples lives. If we acknowledge that God is still God and that He never changes, then we will understand that the -

What are the key similarities and differences between Freud and Jung’s theories of dreams?

IntroductionHistorically, imagines have often been given cultural signifi derrierece all over the world, and respective(a) speculations abound on the origin and function of this intriguing phenomenon. However, it was the pioneering work of Freud in the late 19th hundred which truly revolutionised the fictional characterl mode dreams are discussed in much contemporary discourse. Although as a supposition it is unfalsifiable and does non easily lend itself to empirical investigation, it subsequently remains somewhat outside of the conventional scientific father near to the study of psychological phenomena, as do the thinkers of Jung. Psychodynamic theories have nonetheless been influential particularly with regard to dreams since their choose inclination and the genesis of their content is not demonstrably explicable in terms of mechanistic perspectives on sleep and see. Clearly then these theories appeal to people, and they have resulted in psychotherapeutic methods of a nalysis that have been face-saving to some people (Freud, 1940). With this in mind, this essay will seek to establish the individual contri neverthelessions of Freud and Jung, where they concur and where their theories come into conflict. In order to do this each theory must first be outlined. Freud ascribed a all-important(a) central position of dreams in his overall model of the mind (Jones, 1913). He saw dreams as revelatory of pathologies and emotions affecting apprised carriage, either directly or by means of the action of his proposed concept of the unconscious(p). Freud believed that in accompaniment the majority of the mental processes governing an individuals thoughts, feelings and at that placefore behaviour, take place in the unconscious mind, and that an intrinsic censor keeps these processes and underlying drives from conscious awareness (Freud, 1922). This unconscious-conscious distinction is necessary, Freud argues, because the feelings evoked by conscious experience of true motivational drives and internal struggles would be unsatis factor outy, and therefore these must be hidden in the unconscious. These unsufferable notions only become available to consciousness in trans induceed appearance becoming some social function analogous but more acceptable to the individual. One of the primary ways Freud supposed that the unconscious communicated its contents to the conscious mind was via dreams. The actual experienced content of dreams Freud names the endorse content, whereas the true importee of the dream as it is stored in the unconscious was dubbed the latent content (Freud, 1900). Through the method of psychoanalysis, utilising such techniques as free association and projective methods apply external stimuli, such as the Rorschach inkblot test, Freud believed the latent content of dreams could be uncovered, and that the revelation of this information In the light of consciousness could alleviate many neurotic symptoms (Fenichel, 2006). As far as Freud was concerned, dreams communicate their means done symbolical means. Images encountered in dreams re sacrifice some aspect of the dreamers psyche and their rendering can result in profound insights into the inner life of an individual. For Freud, the meaning of certain(p) dream symbols could be ubiquitous between individuals if one person was dreaming of the Eiffel tugboat then this could be interpreted in much the same way as if some other person were also dreaming of the Eiffel rear. The only way the interpretation would differ would be in regard to the dream context that is, the place the object of the Eiffel tower occupied in relation to other dream objects, the motifs and etymons involved in the dream as closely as more ambient feelings touch dream objects. Therefore, cardinal dreams involving the Eiffel tower could be interpreted contoura differently, but the symbolic Eiffel tower could be said to have similar if not synonymous meaning bet ween persons, according to Freud (1954). A rudimentary aspect of Freuds theory of the unconscious is that the egotism (the symbolic self) develops demur mechanisms to protect itself from thoughts and feelings that it finds unacceptable, typically these are feelings of inadequacy, social comparisons or unbearable desires of some kind. This arsenal of defense reaction mechanisms complicates repression, denial, sublimation and projection. This list is not comprehensive but these are the primary mechanisms by which feelings that are deemed harmful to the ego are exiled to the unconscious (Freud, 2011). In Freuds theory, these unconscious desires and feelings then manifest themselves symbolically in dreams through almost universally recognisable and interpretable symbols. Another aspect of this theory is that dream objects may form categories. In other words, different but perhaps similar objects may mean the same thing in terms of latent content. One classic example of a semantic c ategory of this kind is phallic symbols essentially anything cylindrical is often interpreted to denote a phallus, or more analysis power (Orrells, 2013). The dream analysis would then proceed with the latent content supplanted in the place of the manifest content, and the true meaning of the dream could be interpolated depending on the dream context. Freud was essentially working towards an encyclopaedic association of the meaning behind each dream symbol (Freud, 1900) and although there was some acknowledgement that these symbols could be equal differently between diverse people, much of his theory lacks generalizability. This point becomes especially relevant when it is remembered that his theory was create using only qualitative data obtained from neurotics (Freud, 1922). As a contemporary of Freuds, Jung developed his theories largely without his input. When the two met they found that most of their ideas regarding the unconscious and its expression in dreams were compatibl e if not identical. However, there were some key areas of divergence chiefly there are new concepts introduced by Jung, and disagreements over the exact nature of the unconscious. disrespect specific differences, there is no denying the striking similarity of the theories with regard to the genesis of dreams, the structure of the individual psyche and to a large extent the interpretation of dream content. Freud and Jung agreed that dreams harbour feelings, thoughts and desires which are unacceptable or painful to conscious awareness. Jung took this notion a step further and coined the term interlocking. A complex centres on a certain theme which pervades a persons life once again and again in many different ways. It must be a recurring theme which profoundly influences the psychological science of the individual. Un alike the more general terms used by Freud, the idea of a complex provides a more structured way of understanding an individuals unconscious expressions through the m ethods used in psychoanalysis, and the term was adopted by Freud into his psychology (Schultz and Schultz, 2009). Jung also introduced the concept of the embodied unconscious, as he felt up that Freuds formulation of the unconscious was apt when applied to the individual, but incomplete as it could not direct for the consistency of certain dream themes and even specific symbols between individuals (Jung, 1981). Jung believed that the consistency of dreams between individuals was best explained by introducing a new level to the unconscious a communal level where universally relevant prototypal symbols filter in disguised form into the conscious awareness of individuals through dreams. These archetypes are fundamental aspects of life which apply to all people, and as such are ingrained in some way in all cultures, but are expressed differently between cultures in their respective myths, legends and deities. For Jung, archetypal images include that of the mother, to give an idea of t he sort of motifs supposedly inherent in the collective unconscious. Although Freud would later acknowledge the idea of a collective unconscious (Jung, 1936), he still did not attribute particular importance to it like Jung did, seeing it as more of an appendix to the tropel unconscious. The collective unconscious was of paramount importance in Jungs theory of dreams he supposed that many dream images and themes could be interpreted as representing archetypes present in the collective unconscious (Jung, 1981). It is necessary here to delve a little further into Jungs theory of the general human psyche to fully appreciate his perspective on dreams. Jung believed the ultimate address of life was individualization (Jung, 1923), which refers to the unification of ad hominemity, and an acknowledgment of all unconscious impulses. This integration of the unconscious with consciousness can only occur with the two still operating in relative autonomy but with the conscious mind achieving a degree of acceptance of the unconscious both(prenominal) the collective and personal unconscious that is. Until individuation can be achieved, the individual must continue to attempt to differentiate themselves from the collective consciousness through the establishment of an individual persona. The persona is shaped through the processes of socialisation and individual experience and therefore the persona an individual choses to project may not truly reflect how they are feeling or thinking. Jung argued this persona is also shaped by the collective unconsciousness, and this struggle for individuation against the archetypes, and the strain felt by wearable the persona like a mask is expressed in dreams (Jung, 1923). The idea of integrating opposites features heavily in Jungs theories, and he believed that dreams could be expressions of this internal struggle, which is a perspective shared by Freud. However, it is clear that there is disagreement on the origins of the internal st ruggles for Freud they arise only from the pressure of individual desires which are deemed as unacceptable by the conscious mind, whereas Jung saw in dreams the process of socialisation via exposure to the collective unconscious and the archetypes, art object at the same time the ego struggles against such influence for the possibility of individuation. It can be gleamed from this definition of the theories of Jung compared to those of Freud that Jungs had more of a spiritual aspect to them. The idea of a collective unconscious be by concepts that are familiar to all people does have an air of transcendence compared to the personal unconscious, which is concerned only with the unbearable thoughts of the one individual concerned. The objectivist worldview of Freud can be clearly contrasted here with that of Jung who did not neglect spiritual perspectives, but saw in them analogies, representations and affirmations of his own concepts, albeit expressed with some artistic licence a nd cultural influence. The goal of individuation, Jung thought, was at the mystical heart of all religions, whereas the collective unconscious gave rise to all manner of representations in religious texts. This brings us to another way in which the theories differ. Freud conceptualised the unconscious as being irresistibly focused on negative emotions and thoughts concerning the ego. The complex for Freud was always a malevolent phenomenon. Jung did not believe this unavoidably had to be the case, and stipulated that the unconscious could contain desires, thoughts and feelings of any emotional valence. Jung believed that the contents of the personal unconscious could have been subjugate from consciousness for any number of reasons, which differs drastically from the opinion of Freud who believed that this was only possible through the activation of the defence mechanisms he conceived of. Indeed, Jung saw many of the archetypes as benign abstractions (Jung, 1981) shared by all cul tures which are universally effective in shaping the socialisation of all members of a society. Jungs theory then has great scope, in encapsulating the macro-level influences which affect all people as well as individual tendencies expressed in dreams Freud focused to heavily perhaps on the individual and their immediate relations. both(prenominal) Freud and Jung believed that unconscious underlying emotions for certain concepts drive external behaviour, the primary disagreement is over the placement of these emotional drives. Jung proposed that images filter up from the collective unconscious and are given individualised guises provide to each individual (but they nonetheless represent the same archetype). Feelings regarding this archetype arise from personal experience and inherent inclinations. These feelings are then expressed in the personal unconscious through dreams and take on personal significance in the conscious mind. In Freuds theory, the process of unconscious expres sion takes place solely in the personal unconscious and is concerned with emotions, thoughts and desires surrounding personal relationships and experience (Williams, 1963). Both of these psychodynamic theorists saw dreams as a key diagnostic tool in psychotherapy. However, there was some divergence in interpretative technique primarily that Jung did not believe that the meaning of one dream symbol could be transferred effectively between people. To reuse the earlier example, to dream of the Eiffel tower could be interpreted completely differently depending on who dreamed it, their personal circumstances and the dream context. The dream image of the Eiffel tower for Jung does not inherently mean anything in and of itself. Although both methods of interpretation have resulted in the lessening of neurotic symptoms for some patients (Freud, 1954 Jung, 1936) the fact that these theories are essentially speculative cannot be overlooked lightly. Both Freud and Jung attached paramount signi ficance to dreams in the functioning of the human mind, reading great meaning into sometimes seemingly arbitrary dream images, but the fact that these theories cannot be empirically tested and rely on mainly neurotic patients for the acquisition of evidence is a serious criticism of both theories. The purpose of dreams is another area in which these theories put forward different views. Both theorists agree that the unconscious is expressed in dreams, but Jung adds that socialisation occurs through exposure to the collective unconscious, and individuation is sought through the establishment of an appropriate place for the ego in relation to the archetypes (Jung, 1936). Therefore, dreaming is a process of growth for Jung, whereas Freud saw dreams as expressive and in need of interpretation for them to really be of use to the dreamer. A common theme in both theories though when it comes to the purpose of dreams is compensation. In psychoanalytic theory, it is assumed that dreams can a rise to comprehend for a conscious attitude thus balancing the position of the ego, this perspective is shared by both Jung and Freud. In a compensatory dream, the dreamer may be expressing a contrary attitude to one consciously held, although this would occur in disguised form as the manifest content in the dream. This assumption would factor into the psychoanalytic strategy employed by both theorists, where they would most notably differ would be in their interpretation of the meaning of certain symbols whether they represent archetypes (as in Jungs theory) or are analogous to personal relationships with people or objects in conscious life (as in Freuds theory). To conclude, there initially appears to be many more similarities than differences between the theories of Freud and Jung regarding dreams. Both postulate the existence of an unconscious which expresses itself with symbolic images through dreams for the purpose of compensation both see the interpretation of the unconsciou s expression as potentially beneficial, and the pathology of neuroses is seen to have a causal influence in the unconscious desire. Despite these fundamental similarities there is also much divergence. almost of the theoretical difference is created by the proposition of the collective unconscious by Jung. This introduces a spiritual element, and an superfluous purpose of dreaming, which involves communing with archetypal forms to establish personal identity, and maintain a properly socialised persona. This is mostly different with Freudian theory, which takes a more objective view and focuses on patterns of unconscious expression within the personal unconscious between individuals, seeking to establish a universal method of dream interpretation, something Jungian theory would deem impossible.ReferencesFenichel, O. (2006). The psychoanalytic theory of neurosis. London Routledge.Freud, A. (2011). The ego and the mechanisms of defence. Exeter Karnac Books.Freud, S. (1900). Distorti on in dreams. The interpretation of dreams, 142-143.Freud, S. (1922). The unconscious. The ledger of anxious(p) and Mental Disease, 56(3), 291-294.Freud, S. (1940). An Outline of Psycho-Analysis. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 21, 27-84.Freud, S. (1954). The origins of psycho-analysis (p. 216). M. Bonaparte, & W. Flie? (Eds.). New York Basic Books.Jones, E. (1913). Freuds theory of dreams. London, England Bailliere, Tindall & CoxJung, C. G. (1923). mental types or the psychology of individuation. 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